IAND, Inc./IANTD Technical Diver Programs

A. Purpose

1. These Programs are designed to provide quality instruction of IANTD Technical Diving qualification levels.

B. Prerequisites

1. In all IANTD Technical Diver Programs, lectures and confined water skills completed in another similar IANTD Technical Diver Program may be credited where applicable toward the new level of qualification.

2. Crediting of dives / bottom time and lectures is solely at the discretion of the Instructor.

3. Divers coming into IANTD Programs from other EANx and Technical Diver training agencies (NACD, NSS/CDS, CDAA, etc. or equivalent.) must demonstrate proof of equivalent skill and theory training or do a crossover equivalency Program.

C. Texts

**1. The IANTD Technical Diver Encyclopedia is required for all Technical Programs, and student workbooks are required for specific courses.**

D. Equipment Requirements

1. All students will be taught the concept of gas matching. All bottom mix tanks will be equipped with dual outlet valves. If a Rebreather is used, it must be equipped with adequate bailout to make a safe ascent to the decompression stop(s). The total team bailout should enable the diver to reach the surface safely including staged or transported (via surface support divers) bailout gas

2. Two primary regulators, one of which must have a second stage hose of 5 feet (1.5 meters) in length – (longer hoses are recommended). This longer hose must be attached to one of the second stages to facilitate gas sharing.

3. One or more separate stage tank(s) sufficient for decompression will be carried by the diver.

4. All cylinders must be correctly labeled as to gas content by IANTD Standards.

5. The oxygen or highest EANx regulator must have some form of guard or cover to prevent accidental use.

6. All independent gas sources must feature a submersible pressure gauge.

7. A primary BCD and a backup BCD is required if a diver is using a wetsuit and is sufficiently negative in buoyancy that he/she cannot maintain floatation without the use of a BCD. If dry suits are used, the dry suit may be considered the emergency BCD floatation in lieu of a backup BCD. Lift bags and other buoyant sources may not be considered as redundant BCD’s.

8. When performing dives in OW: If during confined water training it is discovered that the student cannot remove his/her equipment in less than 1½ minutes and/or if a buddy cannot, while having the student act as a victim in need of assistance, remove the student’s equipment in under 1½ minutes, a quick-release mechanism on the harness will be required. IANTD recommends the use of a quick release ideally located below the shoulder D-ring, as close to the base of the harness as possible.

9. A lift bag of at least 50-lb. (22.5-kg) lift capacity and a line reel for deployment.

10. A backup cutting tool is recommended.

11. Decompression tables and accurate depth gauge, plus bottom timer device or a dive computer is required.

12. A backup dive computer or bottom timer/depth gauge is recommended.

E. Program Limits

1. All Program Limits listed under the Sport Diver Programs overview section apply to all Technical Diving Programs, unless otherwise indicated.

2. On all IANTD Technical Diver Open Water Programs, the maximum Student to Instructor ratios permitted are based on entering the water with visibility of 25 feet (7.6 meters) or more. If the visibility upon entering the water is less than 25 feet (7.6 meters), the following modifications to Student to Instructor ratios apply:

a. If the visibility is between 19 feet (6 meters) and 25 feet (7.6 meters) or greater the maximum Student to Instructor ratio is 4 to 1.

b. If the visibility is between 10 feet (3 meters) and 19 feet (6 meters) the maximum Student to Instructor ratio is 3 to 1.

c. If the visibility is between 8 feet (2.4 meters) and 10 feet (3 meters) the maximum Student to Instructor ratio is 2 to 1.

d. If the visibility is less than 5 feet (1.5 meters) the maximum Student to Instructor ratio is 1 to 1.

3. On all dives, the IANTD Dive Tables must be used as either the primary decompression management or as a backup to a dive computer or custom software program or other tables approved by the IANTD BOD.

Technical Diver

A. Purpose

1. This Program is designed to train divers to conduct dives to depths between 100 fsw (30 msw) and at the instructors option up to 170 fsw (51 msw) using custom blend breathing gas mixtures; and to provide greater understanding of custom blend breathing gas mixtures, a complete knowledge of the limits of any EANx mixture, and the use of EANx and oxygen for decompression.

B. Prerequisites

1. Must be qualified as an IANTD Advanced EANx Diver.

2. Must provide proof of a minimum of 100 logged dives, of which at least 30 were deeper than 90 fsw (27 msw).

3. Must be a minimum of 18 years of age.

OR, if being accepted in the Program based on equivalent experience:

4. Must be a qualified IANTD or equivalent Nitrox Diver.

5. Must provide proof of a minimum of 150 logged dives, of which at least 50 were deeper than 90 fsw (27 msw).

6. Must be a minimum of 18 years of age.

C. Texts

1. IANTD Technical Student Workbook, or equivalent text(s) approved in writing by the Board of Directors (written approval will be issued by IAND, Inc./IANTD World Headquarters).

**2. IANTD Technical Diving Encyclopedia or equivalent text(s) approved in writing by the Board of Directors (written approval will be issued by IAND, Inc./IANTD World Headquarters).**

D. Program Content

**1. All lectures and theory in the Technical Student Workbook up to the section on Normoxic Trimix and materials in the Technical Diving Encyclopedia.**

2. This Program must include a minimum of 280 minutes of open-water run time completed within at least 5 dives.

3. Two of the dives must be to depths deeper than 130 fsw (39 msw ) and no deeper than 170 fsw (51 msw) For students who need additional training dives, the remaining two dives may be in any depth between 40 fsw (12 msw) and 170 fsw (51 msw). At the Instructor’s discretion and as specified in the Standards, previous dive experience may be credited. Even with the maximum credited dives from other Technical Programs Cave or IANTD Wreck, etc. and/or other dive experience the student must complete 3 dives 2 of which must be deeper than 100 fsw (30 msw) Even with maximum crediting of previous dive experience, this program must include a minimum of 3 dives, and 240 minutes of run time.

4. To complete the course within the minimum specified dives, students must have an average of 8 points (out of 10) on the watermanship evaluations. With 2 or more additional dives, the student may graduate from the course with an overall average score of 6 points.

E. Equipment Requirements

1. Fulfill all Equipment Requirements as specified in the general Technical Diver Programs overview.

F. Program Limits

1. There may be no more than 4 students per Instructor. This ratio may be increased by 2 students (for a maximum of 6 students) with an assisting IANTD Technical Diver Supervisor or Advanced EANx Instructor who is also qualified as a IANTD Technical Diver. The Instructor must be in control at all times.

2. No dives may be conducted to depths greater than 170 fsw (51 msw).

3. Oxygen partial pressure may not exceed 1.40 during the working portion of the dives, nor exceed 1.61 ATA during the decompression portion of the dives.

4. All appropriate safety or required decompression stops must be performed.

5. Decompression stops must be made using oxygen or EANx.

G. Waterskills Development

1. A confined water session must be completed before conducting any OW dives.

2. Swim with full underwater equipment required in Program for at least 5 minutes.

3. Swim in a simulated out-of-air situation (without breathing, and exhaling slowly) for a distance of at least 60 feet (18 meters) with full gear, then commence breathing. Repeat previous drill with 2 divers swimming side-by-side, but have one diver hand-off the long-hose second-stage regulator to the other diver and commence gas sharing. After remaining at rest for 3 breaths, continue swimming at an average pace for at least 10 minutes.

4. Remove and replace equipment during confined water training (doubles and stage[s]), first on the surface, then on the bottom, in less than 2 minutes.

5. Remove the harness and cylinders from a simulated unconscious diver in less than 1 ½ minutes. (Students who exceed the time limit on this skill must have a quick-release added to their harness).

6. Divers using a quick-release on their harness or backpack must, in confined water, swim the system while the instructor disconnects the quick-release to simulate a failure. The student is to swim the system demonstrating control of buoyancy and body positioning with the quick disconnected for sufficient duration to satisfy the instructor that the student is capable of managing.

7. Demonstrate an ability to respond to a single-bladder BCD failure by the two methods listed below. (Students using gear configurations that prevent accomplishment of these two skills will be required to wear a redundant BCD. Students who already have a redundant BCD or dry suit may use one of these alternates after attempting perform the methods without the use of the alternative.)

a. Completely deflate BCD and swim while maintaining buoyancy control for at least two minutes.

b. Completely deflate BCD, ascend safely to the surface, and remain afloat for at least 3 minutes.

NOTE: If at any time the student starts to over-exert, or if it is obvious that the skill cannot be accomplished, the instructor is to ensure that the BCD is inflated.

8. In confined water, have a student lose buoyancy by deflation of the BCD and then attempt to utilize a lift bag or other secondary buoyant device as a BCD.

NOTE: This skill is to demonstrate how effective these devices are and to reinforce that even if not suitable for a redundant BCD they still provide an option for self rescue in an emergency situation.

9. Two divers approximately 60 feet (18 meters) apart, with blacked-out masks or eyes closed, and while simulating an out of air situation (without breathing, and exhaling slowly), locate each other (using side of pool, rail on wreck, guide line, etc. for orientation) and begin gas sharing via long hose. After taking 3 breaths at rest, continue swimming while sharing gas for at least 3 minutes. This drill may be accomplished by having one student swim 30 feet (9 meters) to donor, and repeat for other diver.

10. While two divers are swimming side-by-side, the Instructor signals one to remain stationary while the other continues swimming for at least 3 more kicks. The stationary diver then simulates an out-of gas situation by swimming (without breathing, and exhaling slowly) to the other diver and commences gas sharing for at least 2 minutes. The instructor may substitute this skill by starting the drill at some time when the students are apart from each other by a comparable distance as would be achieved by 3 kicks.

11. Simulate gas failure with valve shutdowns for both primary and secondary regulators. The entire drill must be completed in less than 1 minute.

12. Close eyes, remove and replace stage cylinder, make regulator switch to stage cylinder, then switch back to primary gas supply.

13. Gas shutdown at least once per dive. (It is not necessary to remove mouthpiece.)

14. Remove and replace stage cylinder on all dives with as little buoyancy change as possible.

15. Demonstrate use of a safety reel and deploy a lift bag while maintaining a stable depth.

16. Demonstrate good dive technique and swimming (SCUBA) abilities combined with correct buoyancy control.

17. Determine RMV and demonstrate ability to calculate and perform gas matching.

Normoxic Trimix Diver OC & Rebreather

A. Purpose

1. This Program is designed to train those who wish to dive to depths between 130 fsw (39 msw) and 200 fsw (60 msw) on OC and to a maximum depth of 170 fsw (51 msw) on Rebreathers, but who do not wish to breathe air below 130 fsw (39 msw). Trimix affords a means of reducing narcosis on dives to such depths.

B. Prerequisites

1. Must be qualified as an IANTD Advanced EANx Diver. Divers qualified as Technical Diver, see note below under Program Content section.

2. Must provide proof of a minimum of 100 logged dives, of which at least 30 were deeper than 90 fsw (27 msw). If doing the course on a Rebreather must have 20 dives and 25 hours on the Rebreather being used.

3. Must be a minimum of 18 years of age.

OR, if being accepted in the Program based on equivalent experience:

4. Must be a qualified IANTD EANx Diver or equivalent.

5. Must provide proof of a minimum of 150 logged dives, of which at least 50 were deeper than 90 fsw (27 msw). If doing the course on a Rebreather must have 20 dives and 25 hours on the Rebreather being used.

6. Must be a minimum of 18 years of age.

C. Texts

1. IANTD Technical Student Workbook or equivalent text(s) approved in writing by the Board of Directors (written approval will be issued by IAND, Inc./IANTD World Headquarters). Rebreather specific materials.

**2. IANTD Technical Diving Encyclopedia or equivalent text(s) approved in writing by the Board of Directors (written approval will be issued by IAND, Inc./IANTD World Headquarters).**

D. Program Content

1. All academic portions of the IANTD Technical Diver Student Workbook and appropriate specific Rebreather materials and reference text material from the IANTD Technical Encyclopedia.

2. This Program must include a minimum of two Air or EANx or Normoxic (or greater than 21% oxygen) Trimix gas or diluent dives in OW (or overhead environments if the diver is already qualified or if taking this Program in conjunction with a cave or wreck course) to depths not to exceed 130 fsw (39 msw). On all of the dives the student must manage one stage cylinder.

3. This Program must also include a minimum of three dives in OW (or overhead environments if the diver is already qualified or if taking this Program in conjunction with a cave or wreck course) on Trimix using one gas switch. These dives may be performed at depths between 130 fsw (39 msw) and 200 fsw (60 msw) on Rebreathers the maximum depth is 170 fsw (51 msw). All divers must make one dive to at least 170 fsw (51 msw) and no dives deeper than 200 fsw (60 msw) All dives must follow or use as backups, the IANTD Tables using one gas switch. One dive may be made on custom software (all dives may be backed up by custom software generated tables provided it is a Program approved by IANTD).

4. This Program must include a minimum of 280 minutes of run time, including Air, EANx and Trimix dives.

5. To complete the course within the minimum specified dives students must have an average of 8 points (out of 10) on the watermanship evaluations. With 2 or more additional dives the student may graduate from the course with an overall average score of 6 points.

NOTE: Divers who are already qualified as Technical Divers or Cave or IANTD Wreck may have the 3 air or EANx dives credited and only need to do the 3 Trimix dives between depths of 130 fsw (39 msw) and 200 fsw (60 msw). Plus complete the lecture on Normoxic Trimix in the workbook.

E. Equipment Requirements

1. Fulfill all Equipment Requirements as specified in the general Technical Diver Programs overview. These courses may be taken with a student on a Rebreather.

F. Program Limits

1. There may be no more than 4 students per Instructor. This ratio may be increased by 2 students (for a maximum of 6 students) with an assisting IANTD Trimix Diver Supervisor. If the course is conducted in conjunction with a Cave or Wreck Programs, the limits for those Programs will prevail.

2. No dives may be conducted to depths greater than 200 fsw (60 msw). Or no greater than 170 fsw (51 msw) on Rebreathers.

3. Oxygen partial pressure may not exceed 1.40 (1.3 on Rebreather) during the working portion of the dives, nor exceed 1.61 (1.4 on rebreather) ATA during the decompression portion of the dives.

4. Trimix dives must be conducted using a mixture containing at least 20% oxygen (± 1%), and no more than 30% helium (± 1%).

5. Equivalent Narcosis Depth (END) may not exceed 120 fsw (36 msw).

6. Surface oxygen must be available for use in the event of Decompression Illness (DCI).

7. All dives must be performed as a single dive team.

8. All appropriate safety or required decompression stops must be performed.

G. Waterskills Development

1. A confined water session must be completed before conducting any OW dives.

2. Swim with full underwater equipment (except stage cylinders) for at least 5 minutes.

3. Become proficient in the following propulsion techniques: modified flutter, modified frog, modified dolphin and standard shuffle kicks.

4. Deploy lift bag in less than 1½ minutes, and repeat at least 5 times during the Program.

5. Swim a distance of at least 75 feet (23 meters) without wearing a mask.

6. Practice removing and replacing a stage cylinder both at rest and while swimming.

7. Have 2 divers swim side-by-side, in full equipment, simulating an out-of-gas situation (without breathing, and exhaling slowly), for a distance of 60 feet (18 meters), then stop and begin breathing with one diver handing-off the long second stage hose to the other diver. Divers should remain a rest for 3 breaths, then swim at an average pace for at least 10 minutes. On Rebreathers this drill should be done with the diver breathing from the stage cylinder.

8. Remove the harness and cylinders from a simulated unconscious diver in less than 1½ minutes. (Students who exceed the time limit on this skill must have a quick-release added to their harness).

9. Divers using a quick-release on their harness or backpack must, in confined water, swim the system while the instructor disconnects the quick-release to simulate a failure. The student is to swim the system demonstrating control of buoyancy and body positioning with the quick disconnect released for sufficient duration to satisfy the instructor that this type failure may be managed by the student.

10. Demonstrate an ability to respond to a single-bladder BCD failure by the two methods listed below. (Students using gear configurations that prevent accomplishment of these two skills will be required to wear a redundant BCD. Students who already have a redundant BCD or dry suit may use one of these alternates after attempting perform the methods without the use of the alternative.)

a. Completely deflate BCD and swim while maintaining buoyancy control for at least two minutes.

b. Completely deflate BCD, ascend safely to the surface, and remain afloat for at least 3 minutes.

NOTE: If at any time the student starts to over-exert, or if it is obvious that the skill cannot be accomplished, the instructor is to ensure that the BCD is inflated.

11. In confined water, have a student lose buoyancy by deflation of the BCD and then attempt to utilize a lift bag or other secondary buoyant device as a BCD.

12. Following a means of reference (pool wall, guide line, ship railing, etc.) with eyes closed, remove stage cylinder and swim a distance of at least 15 feet (4.5 meters). Reverse direction, return to stage cylinder and replace it on correct side.

13. Two divers approximately 60 feet (18 meters) apart, with blacked-out masks or eyes closed, and while simulating an out of air situation, locate each other (using side of pool, rail on wreck, guide line, etc. for orientation) and begin gas sharing via long hose. On Rebreathers this drill should be done with the diver breathing from the stage cylinder

14. Prior to dives, students must use IANTD Gas Management Charts to match gas turn points. (Open Circuit only).

15. Open and close tank valves at least once on all dives.

16. Remove and replace stage cylinder(s) on each dive.

17. At least once on each dive, Instructor is to signal to student(s) that one of their regulators is malfunctioning and the student is to take the corrective action (Open Circuit only).

18. Perform gas sharing in one form or another on at least 3 of the air dives. It is recommended that the Instructor do this at times when it surprises at least one of the divers, and at a point when there is a reasonable distance between the divers. On Rebreathers this drill should be done with the diver breathing from the stage cylinder

19. Determine RMV and demonstrate ability to calculate and perform gas matching. (Open Circuit only)

Rebreather specific skills:

22. FLAGS

23. The Three H’s (Hypoxia, Hyperoxia, and Hypercapnia)

24. Solenoid failures (CCR)

25. Diluent switches (CCR)

26. Manual operation

27. Floods

28. Open Circuit Bailout

29. Minimum loop volume diving

30. SCR Bailout (CCR)

31. Pre and post dive checks

Trimix Diver Open Circuit

A. Purpose

1. This Program is designed for those individuals already involved in deep diving activities, but is not intended to be used as an enticement to divers who are content to remain in normal Sport or EANx diving limits.

2. Trimix affords a safer means for deep-water exploration for divers who dive deep or perform with a clear head at depth. The IANTD Trimix Diver Program requires the diver to be self-sufficient/reliant.

B. Prerequisites

1. Must be qualified as an IANTD Technical Diver or Technical Cave Diver or Technical Wreck Diver or Normoxic Trimix Diver or equivalent.

2. Must provide proof of a minimum of 200 logged dives, of which at least 25 were to depths between 140 fsw (39 msw) and 200 fsw (60 msw).

3. Must be a minimum of 18 years of age.

OR, if being accepted in the Program based on equivalent experience:

4. Must provide proof of a minimum of 250 logged dives, of which at least 75 were deeper than 100 fsw (30 msw), and at least 25 between depths of 140 fsw (39 msw) and 170 fsw (51 msw). Diver must be a minimum of 18 years of age.

C. Texts

1. IANTD Trimix Student Workbook, or equivalent text(s) approved in writing by the Board of Directors (written approval will be issued by IAND, Inc./IANTD World Headquarters).

**2. IANTD Technical Diving Encyclopedia, or equivalent text(s) approved in writing by the Board of Directors (written approval will be issued by IAND, Inc./IANTD World Headquarters).**

D. Program Content

1. Perform two skills-training dives following completion of the confined water session(s) in which two stage cylinders are used, to a depth between 60 fsw (18 msw) and 170 fsw (51 msw). These dives may be on air or Trimix provided the depths are acceptable for the gas used, and two gas switches are practiced during ascent. Divers progressing from Normoxic Trimix to Trimix may not do dives on air deeper than 130 fsw (39 msw).

2. This Program must include a minimum of 200 minutes of open-water run time, completed within three Trimix dives to depths between 165 fsw (50 msw) and 260 fsw (79 msw). All depths must be worked up to incrementally with no increase greater than 40 fsw (12 msw) from one dive to the next (the first dive in the course on mix must not be more than 33 fsw (10 msw) deeper than the student’s previous experience in deep diving). One dive must be to at least 200fsw (60 msw) or deeper.

3. All dives must include two gas switches.

4. Divers entering the Program on equivalent experience must complete the above requirements plus make two additional training (for a total of five training dives) dives using two stage cylinders. These two additional dives may be on air, EANx or Trimix at the instructor’s discretion.

5. If the course is a combined course (e.g., Technical Diver and Trimix Diver), the Program must include a minimum of 480 minutes of open-water run time completed within at least 8 dives.

6. To complete the course within the minimum specified dives students must have an average of 8 points (out of 10) on he watermanship evaluations. With 2 or more additional dives the student may graduate from the course with an overall average score of 6 points.

E. Equipment Requirements

1. Fulfill all Equipment Requirements as specified in the general Technical Diver Programs overview.

F. Program Limits

1. There may be no more than 4 students per Instructor on any dives, and no more than 3 students per Instructor on dives conducted to depths greater than 220 fsw (66 msw). The ratio for deeper dives may be increased to 4 students with an assisting IANTD Technical Instructor who is also a qualified IANTD Trimix Diver or a Trimix supervisor.

2. No dives may be conducted to depths greater than 260 fsw (79 msw). Trimix dives may not be made to a depth less than 160 fsw (48 msw).

3. Equivalent Narcosis Depth (END) may not exceed 130 fsw (39 msw).

4. Surface oxygen must be available for use in the event of Decompression Illness (DCI).

5. All dives must be performed as a single dive team.

6. All appropriate safety or required decompression stops must be performed.

G. Waterskills Development

1. A confined water session must be completed before conducting any OW dives.

2. Two divers approximately 60 feet (18 meters) apart, locate each other while simulating an out of air situation (without breathing, and exhaling slowly) and begin gas sharing via long hose. After taking 3 breaths at rest, continue swimming at a normal rate while sharing gas for at least 2 minutes.

3. Simulate gas failure with valve shutdowns for both primary and secondary regulators. The entire drill must be completed in less than 1 minute. This drill should be completed at least once each dive, with a buddy acting as a safety diver, then switch roles. Upon completion of skill, verify both primary tanks are turned back on.

4. While swimming, demonstrate efficient switch to stage cylinder regulators.

5. Following a means of reference (pool wall, guide line, ship railing, etc.) with eyes closed, remove stage cylinders and swim a distance of at least 15 feet (4.6 meters). Reverse direction, return to stage cylinders and replace them on correct sides, identifying each cylinder by feel.

6. Prior to dives, students must use IANTD Gas Management Charts to match gas turn points.

7. Remove and replace stage cylinders both at rest and while swimming.

8. Deploy and use a lift bag or up line at least once in OW.

9. Remove and replace equipment during confined water training (doubles and stage[s]), first on the surface, then on the bottom, in less than 2 minutes.

10. Simulate a rescue of a diver; tow the diver on the surface for a distance of at least 40 feet (12 meters) while simulating mouth-to-mouth resuscitation. Go through EMS procedures and remove equipment from victim in the water (equipment removal must be accomplished in less than 1½ minutes, students in continuous webbing who exceed this time must add a quick release to their harness). Repeat until proficient.

Trimix Rebreather Diver

A. Purpose

1. This Program is designed to train divers in the safer use and technology of Rebreathers for deep diving to depths in excess of 170 fsw (51 msw).

B. Prerequisites

1. Must be qualified as an IANTD Rebreather Diver, or if entering the Program based on equivalent experience, must be qualified as either Normoxic Trimix Diver or Trimix Diver (OC) or must be taking the Normoxic Trimix Diver and Trimix Diver course on an approved Rebreather for mixed gas diving, with all dives other than confined water made on Trimix or Heliox.

2. Must provide proof of a minimum of 200 logged dives, at least 50 of which were on the specific (SCR or CCR) Rebreather category to be trained for.

3. Must be a minimum of 18 years of age.

C. Texts

**1. IANTD Rebreather Diver Student Manual and Workbook.**

2. IANTD-approved text(s) for the particular Rebreather the training is taking place on.

Additionally, if Technical and Trimix Programs are taken concurrently:

**3. IANTD Technical Workbook.**

**4. IANTD Trimix Workbook.**

**5. IANTD Technical Encyclopedia.**

D. Program Content

1. Lecture material adequate to cover the needs of the specific Rebreather.

2. For those who are already OC Trimix Divers this Program must include a confined water session and a minimum of 150 minutes of run time, using Trimix or Heliox, completed within at least 2 open-water or overhead-environment dives.

3. For divers not previously qualified as OC Trimix Divers, but who are Normoxic Trimix qualified a confined water session and 240 minutes of run time to be completed within 4 dives. If the Program includes the combination of Normoxic Trimix Diver and Trimix Diver, all dives must be performed on the Rebreather for a minimum of 480 minutes of run time completed within at least 8 open-water or overhead-environment dives. One dive must be to at least 200fsw (60 msw) or deeper.

E. Equipment Requirements

1. Must own or have direct access to the specific Rebreather model being taught.

F. Program Limits

1. There may be no more than 2 students per Instructor.

2. All dives must be conducted to depths between 130 fsw (39 msw) and 260 fsw (79 msw).

NOTE: If the diver is qualified as a Normoxic Trimix Diver, no dives may be conducted to depths greater than 200 fsw (60 msw).

3. Inspired oxygen partial pressure may not exceed 1.40 ATA or manufacturer specifications (whichever is lower) during dives, and the oxygen partial pressure of the active diluent/supply may not exceed 1.60 ATA at the MOD of the dive.

4. All dives must be completed within the IANTD oxygen CNS% limits.

5. All appropriate safety or required decompression stops must be performed.

G. Waterskills Development

1. A confined water session must be completed before conducting any OW dives.

2. Become familiar with breathing controls.

3. Shut off and turn on gas supplies.

4. Perform loss of gas drill.

5. Simulate bailout procedures.

6. Perform electronics failure drills.

7. Perform broken hoses drill.

8. Perform flooded canister drill.

9. Perform 3 H’s emergency drills.

10. Simulate counterlung rip.

11. Practice use of BCD.

12. Hover with minimum of motion at a specified depth (combination of confined water drills and safety stops in OW).

13. Clean unit to avoid contamination and spreading of disease.

14. Practice system monitoring.

15. Perform leak test.

16. Pack absorbent canister.

The Below skills are for divers not previously qualified as Trimix Divers:

17. Swim 60 feet (18 meters) without breathing, and exhaling slowly, and then perform bailout procedure.

18. Practice switching to and handling of stage for both diluent and oxygen if applicable.

19. Perform all skills and procedures specified by the manufacturer of unit that training is performed on.

20. Two divers approximately 60 feet (18 meters) apart locate each other while simulating an out of air situation (without breathing, and exhaling slowly) and begin gas. After taking 3 breaths at rest, continue swimming at a normal rate while sharing gas for at least 2 minutes.

21. While swimming, demonstrate efficient switch to stage cylinder regulators.

22. Following a means of reference (pool wall, guide line, ship railing, etc.) with eyes closed, remove stage cylinders and swim a distance of at least 15 feet (4.6 meters). Reverse direction, return to stage cylinders and replace them on correct sides, identifying each cylinder by feel.

23. Prior to dives, students must demonstrate Gas Management.

24. Remove and replace stage cylinders both at rest and while swimming.

25. Deploy and use a lift bag or up line at least once in OW.

26. Simulate a rescue of a diver; tow the diver on the surface for a distance of at least 40 feet (12 meters) while simulating mouth-to-mouth resuscitation. Go through EMS procedures and remove equipment from victim in the water equipment removal must be accomplished in less than 1½ minutes, students in continuous webbing who exceed this time must add a quick release to their harness). Repeat until proficient.

Technical Diver Supervisor

A. Purpose

1. This Program is designed to provide recognition of leadership qualifications of competent divers. A Technical Diver Supervisor is a Leadership or Instructor-In-Training rating.

2. Technical Diver Supervisors may supervise divers in OW and students in all IANTD Standard Programs (except Overhead Environment) IANTD Technical Diver, and, (if they meet the prerequisites) Trimix, Rebreather, Wreck, and Cave Diver, under the direction of a qualified IANTD Instructor.

B. Prerequisites

For All Levels:

1. Must be a minimum of 18 years of age.

For Technical Diver:

2. Must be qualified as an IANTD Divemaster, Rescue and Accident Management, and IANTD Technical Diver.

3. Must provide proof of a minimum of 150 logged dives, of which at least 45 were deeper than 130 fsw (39 msw) and at least 10 were to a depth of at least 190 fsw (58 msw).

For Trimix:

4. Must be qualified as an IANTD Trimix Diver and IANTD Technical Diver Supervisor.

5. Must provide proof of a minimum of 200 logged dives, of which at least 12 were Trimix dives.

For Rebreather:

6. Must be qualified as an IANTD Rebreather Diver and Trimix Diver Supervisor.

7. Must provide proof of a minimum of 200 logged dives of which at least 20 were on Rebreathers.

For Wreck:

8. Must be qualified as an IANTD Technical Wreck Diver and IANTD EANx Divemaster.

9. Must provide proof of a minimum of 100 logged dives, of which at least 35 were wreck dives.

For Cave:

10. Must be qualified as an Advanced Cave Diver and IANTD EANx Divemaster.

11. Must provide proof of a minimum of 100 logged dives, of which at least 60 were cave dives.

C. Texts

1. IANTD Technical Diver Supervisor Student Manual & Workbook.

2. All IANTD Student Manuals & Workbooks through to this level of training.

D. Program Content

1. Must assist in at least two courses at the level applied for and give at least two lectures. Must supervise at least one complete confined water session and spend 100 minutes of bottom time in direct supervision of divers (under guidance of an Instructor).

2. This Program must include a minimum of 2 evaluation dives at each level of qualification being qualified, in addition to the in-water time specified above.

3. Advanced EANx Instructors who have met the diving and qualification level prerequisites will be awarded Dive Supervisor recognition by assisting in one Program at the specific level and recommendation of the instructor.

E. Equipment Requirements

1. Fulfill all Equipment Requirements as specified in the general Technical Diver Programs overview.

F. Program Limits

1. Same as for the applicable IANTD Technical Diver Program.

G. Waterskills Development

1. Assist on all dives of a course in each level being qualified for (IANTD Technical Diver, Trimix Diver, Wreck Diver, Cave Diver, or Rebreather Diver Programs).

2. Demonstrate all skills taught in the applicable IANTD Program(s).

3. Demonstrate overall waterskills and supervision abilities to the satisfaction of the Instructor.

Trimix Gas Blender

A. Purpose

1. This Program is designed to train competent personnel in the safe handling of oxygen and the preparation of Trimix and Heliox.

B. Prerequisites

1. Must be qualified as an IANTD EANx Gas Blender and have a need to become a Trimix Blender (such as working for a training or full service facility, or if not affiliated with a facility must be a qualified Trimix Diver and located in a remote area).

2. Must be recommended by an IANTD Instructor or Facility.

C. Texts

1. IANTD Gas Blending Student Manual & Workbook, Partial Pressure Methods of Mixing Trimix, or equivalent text(s) approved in writing by the Board of Directors (written approval will be issued by IAND, Inc./IANTD World Headquarters).

D. Program Content

1. Includes all content material as presented in the approved workbook / text for the Program.

E. Equipment Requirements

1. All equipment used in this Program must be compatible with the Trimix mixtures being prepared and the method in which the Trimix is being blended.

2. IANTD-approved mixing station.

3. Oxygen analyzer.

F. Program Limits

1. There are no specific limits for this Program.

IAND, Inc./IANTD Cave and Wreck Diver Technical Programs

A. Purpose

1. These Programs are designed to provide quality instruction of IANTD Technical Diving qualification levels.

B. Prerequisites

1. In all IAND, Inc./IANTD Technical Diver Programs, lectures and confined water skills completed in another IANTD Technical Program may be credited where applicable toward the new level of qualification.

2. Training dives from other IANTD or equivalent Technical Diver Programs may be credited at a rate of 1 dive credit per every 4 logged training dives, with a maximum of 25 minutes credit per dive.

3. Diving experience at a given level of qualification may be credited at 1 dive credit per every 25 logged dives at the level of training the student is engaged in.

4. Even with maximum time or dives credited, the additional minimums, as referenced in each individual Program, must be completed.

5. Crediting of dives / bottom time and lectures is solely at the discretion of the Instructor.

6. Divers coming into IANTD Programs from other EANx and Technical Diver training agencies (NACD, NSS/CDS, CDAA, etc. or equivalent.) must demonstrate proof of equivalent skill and theory training or do a crossover equivalency Program.

C. Program Limits

1. IANTD Programs are unique in that they require the student to complete a specified amount of bottom time prior to becoming qualified at a given level. Specific bottom time requirements are given in each individual Program.

2. Recognizing that there may be unusual circumstances or that some individuals excel beyond the level of others, Instructors may waive up to 10 percent of the stated bottom time in any IANTD Program.

3. On all IANTD Cave and Wreck Diver Programs, the maximum Student to Instructor ratios permitted are based on entering the water with visibility of 30 feet (9 meters) or more. If the visibility upon entering the water is less than 30 feet (9 meters), the following modifications to Student to Instructor ratios apply:

a. If the visibility is between 20 feet (6 meters) and 30 feet (9 meters) the maximum Student to Instructor ratio is 2 to 1.

b. If the visibility is between 12 feet (3.6 meters) and 20 feet (6 meters) the maximum Student to Instructor ratio is 1 to 1.

c. If the visibility is less than 12 feet (3.6 meters) then cave and wreck training dives may not be conducted.

4. On all dives the IANTD dive tables must be used as either the primary decompression management or as a backup to a dive computer or custom software Program or Hamilton Research (DCAP) tables or other tables approved by the IANTD BOD.

5. A continuous guideline that allows for a safe exit at the entrance will be in place at all times during training in any overhead environment.

Cave Diver and Technical Cave Diver

A. Purpose

1. This Program is designed to train divers in safe cave diving and the technical utilization of EANx for cave exploration, and the use of EANx and oxygen for decompression.

B. Prerequisites

1. If entering through modular route, must be qualified as Introductory Cave Diver with proof of a minimum of 50 logged dives. If taking the course on a Rebreather must have 35 dives logged on the Rebreather.

2. To enter Technical Cave (Technical Diver) in addition to #1, student must be qualified as an IANTD EANx or Advanced EANx Diver, or equivalent.

3. Must be a minimum of 18 years of age. (Age can be waived for cause with notarized statement.)

OR, if being accepted in the Program based on equivalent experience:

4. Must be qualified as Advanced Open Water Diver or equivalent.

5. Must provide proof of a minimum of 100 dives.

6. Must be a minimum of 18 years of age. (Age requirement can be waived for cause with notarized statement.).

C. Texts

1. IANTD Cave Diver Student Manual & Workbook.

Additionally, if Technical Cave Diver Program is taken concurrently:

2. IANTD Technical Student Workbook.

**3. IANTD Technical Diving Encyclopedia.**

4. Texts may be substituted with equivalent text(s) approved in writing by the IANTD Board of Directors (written approval will be issued by IAND, Inc./IANTD World Headquarters).

D. Program Content

1. Divers already qualified as an IANTD Technical Diver need only complete the cave portion of the Program to be qualified as Technical Cave Diver. Divers taking an Air Cave Program do not need EANx training.

2. This Program must include a minimum of 480 minutes of cave bottom time completed within at least 12 cave dives.

3. For students already qualified as Introductory Cave Diver or IANTD Wreck Diver, this Program must include a minimum of 400 minutes of cave bottom time within a minimum of 8 cave dives.

NOTE: The combined cave bottom time from Introductory Cave Diver and Cave Diver Programs must total at least 480 minutes, even if the bottom time is met first. A minimum of 8 cave dives using double cylinders must be logged. Instructors are not required to give credit for experience or other qualification levels and should do so only if the skill level of the diver meets the Instructor’s satisfaction.

4. Dive credit may be awarded for experience or other technical training as specified in the opening of this section on Technical Diver Programs. Credit from IANTD Technical Diver, Normoxic Trimix Diver and Trimix Diver Programs may be applied towards required bottom time. All skills must nevertheless be completed and even with full credit from both previous cave diving experience and technical diver training, the student must complete a minimum of 400 minutes of cave bottom time within 8 to 12 cave dives. It is recommended that Instructors allow crediting of dive time only for extremely competent divers.

5. Environmental conditions allowing, a minimum of three different caves must be included in a Cave Program. In event of flooding and other special circumstances, the three-cave requirement may be waived if approved by IAND, Inc./IANTD World Headquarters or the local Licensee of the Region the Program is conducted in.

6. Instructors who have been authorized to teach Stage Diving have the option of performing Staged Cave Dives if they are comfortable with the abilities of the diver. All divers will be taught with a stage cylinder of bottom mix or with a stage cylinder of decompression mix if the Instructor elects not to incorporate stage dives into the Program.

7. To complete the course within the minimum specified dives, students must have an average of 8 out of 10 points on the watermanship evaluations. With 2 or more additional dives, the student may graduate from the course with an overall average score of 6 points.

8. Land drills:

a. Use of lines / line arrows.

b. Blacked out drills.

c. Lost diver drills / broken lines / line gaps.

E. Equipment Requirements

1. All students must be taught the concept of gas matching.

2. All bottom mix tanks must be equipped with dual-outlet manifold valves. Independent cylinders may be used when configured as side mounts or back mounts for sump diving only. If a Rebreather is used, it must be equipped with adequate bailout, including out-of-air emergency drills.

3. A stage decompression cylinder containing oxygen or an EAN mixture with at least 50% oxygen, and appropriately labeled. (Technical Cave Diver Program only).

4. An optional EANx stage cylinder containing a minimum of 50 cubic feet (1,400 free liters) of gas may be used for overhead penetration at the Instructor's discretion.

5. Two (2) Primary regulators must provide ample gas flow. One second-stage hose must be at least 5 feet (1.5 meters) in length; longer hoses are recommended.

6. Each gas source must have its own dedicated submersible pressure gauge.

7. A primary BCD is required. Back flotation is recommended. A backup BCD is required if the student cannot maintain buoyancy in the event of a bladder failure. If a dry suit is used, it may serve as the backup BCD.

8. Dive tables, depth gauge and dive timer or a dive computer.

9. Two reels: one Primary (cave) guide reel and one (cavern or gap) safety reel.

10. One Primary light (minimum 20 watts) and two secondary lights (flashlight type).

11. Three (3) line arrows.

12. A backup cutting tool is recommended.

F. Program Limits

1. There may be no more than 3 students per Instructor on any dives and no more than 2 students per Instructor on dives conducted to depths greater than 130 fsw (39 msw).

2. In most cases, no dives may be conducted to depths greater than 130 fsw (39 msw). When conditions warrant it, Cave Diver Programs may be conducted to a maximum depth of 160 fsw (48 msw), provided the students are qualified as Technical Divers or have equivalent experience of at least 25 dives to depths between 140 fsw (42 msw) and 160 fsw (48 msw).

3. When appropriate conditions are available (i.e., depths between 130 fsw [39 msw] and 200 fsw [60 msw]), the Normoxic Trimix Program may be taught in combination with the Cave course, provided all cave dives deeper than 130 fsw (39 msw) are conducted using mixtures specified in the Normoxic Trimix Program. Qualified Normoxic Trimix Divers may be trained in caves at depths between 100 fsw (30 msw) and 200 fsw (60 msw). Qualified Trimix Divers may be trained in caves on Trimix at depths between 130 fsw (39 msw) and 260 fsw (79 msw) provided there are no alternative locations.

NOTE: On training dives below 130 fsw (39 msw), written permission must be given by IANTD HQ.

4. Oxygen partial pressure may not exceed 1.40 ATA during the working portion of the dives, nor exceed 1.60 ATA during the decompression portion of the dives.

5. For the Technical Cave Diver Program, a minimum of 6 dives must be completed using EANx with at least 23% oxygen.

6. Decompression Gas mixtures:

a. On non-Technical Cave Program, or with divers not certified in EANx, students may decompress using EANx mixtures with between 40 and 100% oxygen to a maximum depth of 15 fsw (4.5 msw), provided the concept of oxygen decompression is taught. Technical divers or students enrolled in the Technical Cave Program may breathe any EANx mixture or oxygen during decompression and use accelerated decompression schedules accordingly.

b. On non-Technical cave dives or with students not qualified in EANx, the student may breathe EANx mixtures with oxygen concentrations ranging from 40% to 100% at depths not to exceed 15 fsw (4.5 msw), provided the concept of oxygen decompression is taught.

7. All dives must be completed within both the IANTD oxygen CNS% and OTU limits.

8. All appropriate safety or required decompression stops must be performed.

G. Waterskills Development

1. A confined water session must be completed before conducting any cave dives.

2. Swim with equipment to be used in Program until comfortable with it.

3. Divers using a quick -release on their harness or backpack must, in confined water, swim the system while the instructor disconnects the quick -release to simulate a failure. The student is to swim the system demonstrating control of buoyancy and body positioning with the quick-release disconnected for sufficient duration to satisfy the instructor that the student is capable of managing this type failure.

4. Demonstrate an ability to respond to a single-bladder BCD failure by the two methods listed below. (Students using gear configurations that prevent accomplishment of these two skills will be required to wear a redundant BCD. Students who already have a redundant BCD or dry suit may use one of these alternates after attempting perform the methods without the use of the alternative.)

a. Completely deflate BCD and swim while maintaining buoyancy control for at least two minutes.

b. Completely deflate BCD, ascend safely to the surface, and remain afloat for at least three minutes.

NOTE: If at any time the student starts to over-exert, or if it is obvious that the skill cannot be accomplished, the Instructor is to ensure that the BCD is inflated.

5. Perform a pre-dive “S” (safety) drill prior to starting dive. Check all equipment for proper function. Check equipment of each dive buddy. Ascertain each team member is familiar with use and location of dive system components.

6. Perform an in-water “S” (safety) drill.

a. Leak-check each team member’s equipment.

b. Breathe underwater from both / all regulators to ensure proper functioning.

c. Perform light checks.

d. Perform valve shutdowns combined with regulator switches, including shutting both regulators.

e. If isolator valves are used, these are also to be closed and then re-opened.

f. Buddies should check that all valves are back in proper position at end of drill.

g. On a first dive with a new partner, perform a gas sharing drill.

7. Communicate the gas turn around point in psig, and if the divers are wearing different cylinder sizes, match gas per the SRF tables org per dissimilar tank volumes.

8. Confined or OW: Swim 60 feet (18 meters) while simulating an out-of-gas situation, then commence gas sharing via the long hose, remain at rest for three breaths, and swim for 10 minutes at a normal swim rate of approximately 75 feet (23 meters) a minute (static water swim rate).

9. Confined or OW: Two divers 50 feet (15 meters) apart must swim along a line circuit with eyes closed not taking a breath, while slowly exhaling until they meet. Upon meeting gas sharing via the long hose combined with touch contact is to be performed until the line circuit is completed.

10. Develop proficiency in a variety of propulsion techniques including cave frog kick, modified flutter kick, shuffle kick, and pull and glide technique.

11. Demonstrate proficiency in use of reels and lines.

12. During a cave dive, at a point after turning the dive, perform a gas sharing drill exiting the cave for a reasonable distance / time. Exercise is to commence with Instructor at some point randomly selecting the out-of-gas diver, who must then go to the buddy and share gas. The out-of-gas diver is to keep the regulator in his or her mouth (leaving the airway open) but not breathe from it if at all possible. This drill is to be repeated on different dives until all students have been both a donor and a recipient of gas.

13. On a cave dive, exit cave with eyes closed or lights off maintaining contact with buddy and dive line using touch communications.

14. Repeat previous drill, except at some point the Instructor will choose one of the divers to simulate being out of gas. The out-of-gas diver must communicate the problem to a buddy via touch contact, and gas sharing is to be performed for a reasonable distance. Repeat this skill until all students have been both a donor and recipient of gas.

15. Perform lost diver drills.

16. Perform lost line drills.

17. Demonstrate either on a cave dive or confined water the ability to drop and recover a stage cylinder. This may be the tank used as a decompression tank or an actual penetration stage cylinder.

18. Conduct a traverse, gap and circuit dive. If conditions do not allow this possibility then it is to be simulated.

19. It is recommended that the student attempt to exit the cave with eyes closed or lights off without the use of a line. Instructor must prevent the student from getting into a silt-out away from the line or any other adverse situation during this drill.

20. On at least three dives, the student must simulate a regulator failure and, while swimming, shut off the valve for the primary regulator and switch to the secondary regulator. Upon completion, the diver is to turn on the valve for the primary regulator and switch back to it. A buddy should act as safety diver during this drill.

21. On at least three (3) occasions, an out-of-gas drill must be completed without the donor being aware of whether it is a drill or a real out-of-gas situation.

22. If a Rebreather is used, the appropriate modifications to the above skills must be made.

Advanced Cave Diver

A. Purpose

1. This Program is designed to provide advanced training in cave diving skills. This is a multiple disciplined Program. Individual areas covered include:

a. Survey diving.

b. Stage / Multi-stage diving.

c. DPV diving.

d. Side-mount diving.

B. Prerequisites

C. For All Areas:

1. Must be qualified as an IANTD Cave Diver or equivalent (NACD, NSS/CDS, CDAA, etc.).

2. Must be a minimum of 18 years of age. (Age requirement can be waived for cause with notarized statement.).

For Survey Diving:

3. Must complete cave qualification.

For Stage / Multi-Stage Diving:

4. Must have completed Technical cave qualification or equivalent.

For DPV Diving:

5. Must be qualified as a multi-stage diver or provide proof of a minimum of 50 non-training cave dives.

D. Texts

1. IANTD Cave Diver Specialty Student Workbook or equivalent text(s) as approved in writing by the Board of Directors. Written approval will be issued by IAND, Inc./IANTD World Headquarters.

E. Program Content

1. This Program must include a minimum of 160 minutes of cave bottom time completed within at least 4 cave dives. No crediting of dives is allowed. Instructors are encouraged to exceed these minimums.

F. Equipment Requirements

1. All Equipment Requirements listed in the IANTD Cave Diver or IANTD EANx Cave Diver Program.

2. Specialty equipment as specified in the IANTD Cave Diver Specialty Student Workbook.

G. Program Limits

1. There may be no more than 2 students per Instructor.

2. No dives may be conducted to depths greater than the qualification of the student.

3. Oxygen partial pressure may not exceed 1.40 ATA during the working portion of the dives, nor exceed 1.61 ATA during the decompression portion of the dives.

4. A minimum of 2 dives must be completed using EANx with at least 23% oxygen (Technical Cave Diver Program only).

5. Air–qualified divers may not use oxygen or EANx for decompression.

6. Students who use dive computers must also carry dive tables as a backup. Divers without a dive computer must use appropriate dive tables.

7. All dives must be completed within both the IANTD oxygen CNS% and OTU limits.

8. All appropriate safety or required decompression stops must be performed.

H. Waterskills Development

1. A confined water session must be completed before conducting any advanced cave dives.

2. Demonstrate proficiency in the following propulsion techniques: modified flutter, modified frog, modified dolphin, and standard shuffle kicks.

3. Perform at least 2 gas sharing drills of Instructor’s choice.

4. While using DPVs perform at least 3 towing methods, at least two of which are while sharing gas.

5. If a rebreather is used, the appropriate modifications to the above skills must be made.

Advanced Wreck Diver and Technical Wreck Diver

A. Purpose

1. This Program is designed to train divers in extended wreck penetration diving and the technical utilization of EANx for wreck exploration and the use of EANx and oxygen for decompression.

B. Prerequisites

1. Must be qualified as an IANTD Deep Diver or equivalent. For Technical Wreck Diver Program, must also be qualified as an IANTD EANx Diver.

2. Must provide proof of a minimum of 70 logged dives, or a minimum of 40 logged dives with qualification as IANTD Wreck or Cavern Diver. If dives in the course below 130 fsw (39msw) are planned the diver must have 100 logged dives.

3. Must be a minimum of 18 years of age.

C. Texts

1. IANTD Wreck Diver Student Manual & Workbook, or equivalent text(s) approved in writing by the Board of Directors (written approval will be issued by IAND, Inc./IANTD World Headquarters).

Additionally, if Technical Wreck Diver Program is taken concurrently:

**2. IANTD Technical Student Workbook.**

**3. IANTD Technical Diving Encyclopedia.**

D. Program Content

1. This course may be taught in conjunction with a Normoxic Trimix or Trimix Diver course.

2. This Program must include a minimum of 150 minutes of bottom time completed within at least 6 wreck penetration dives. At the Instructor’s discretion, dives may be credited as specified in the Standards. With maximum crediting of dives from other Technical Diver Programs (Cave, Technical Diver and Trimix) or experience, a minimum additional 100 minutes of bottom time must be completed on wreck dives.

3. To complete the course within the minimum specified dives students must have an average of 8 points (out of 10) on he watermanship evaluations. With 2 or more additional dives the student may graduate from the course with an overall average score of 6 points.

4. Land Drills:

a. Basic use of safety lines and reels will be performed on land.

b. Simulation of wire entanglement will be practiced.

E. Equipment Requirements

1. All students must be taught the concept of gas matching.

2. All bottom mix tanks must be equipped with dual-outlet manifold valves. Independent cylinders may not be used. If a rebreather is used, it must be equipped with adequate bailout.

3. A stage decompression cylinder containing oxygen or an EAN mixture with at least 50% oxygen, and appropriately labeled.

4. Two Primary regulators must provide ample gas flow. One second-stage hose must be at least 5 feet (1.5 meters) in length; longer hoses are recommended.

5. A primary BCD is required and a backup BCD is recommended. Back flotation is recommended. If a dry suit is used, it may serve as the backup BCD.

6. Submersible dive tables as a backup to a dive computer or for control of the dive at the Instructor’s discretion. If computers are used, it is recommended that two computers be used on planned decompression dives.

7. Two reels: one for penetration and one for decompression / lift bag deployment.

8. A lift bag of at least 50-lb (22.5-kg) lift capacity for a decompression marker.

9. Two lights: one primary light (minimum 20 watts) and one backup safety light.

10. Compass.

11. Bolt snap hooks are recommended for all equipment attached to divers, as they are less prone to entanglement.

12. A backup cutting tool is recommended.

F. Program Limits

1. No dives may be conducted to depths greater than the qualification of the student, or 170 fsw (51 msw), whichever is shallower.

2. Oxygen partial pressure may not exceed 1.40 ATA during the working portion of the dives, nor exceed 1.61 ATA during the decompression portion of the dives. For the Technical Wreck Diver Program, a minimum of 6 dives must be completed using EANx with at least 23% oxygen.

3. Decompression Gas mixtures:

a. Air-qualified divers may breathe EAN 32 during decompression, if briefed on its use.

b. EANx-qualified divers may breathe up to EAN 40 during decompression.

c. Advanced EANx-qualified divers may breathe up to EAN 50 during decompression.

d. Technical Divers or students enrolled in the Technical Wreck Program may breathe any EANx mixture or oxygen during decompression and use accelerated decompression schedules accordingly.

4. All dives must be completed within both the IANTD oxygen CNS% and OTU limits (Technical Wreck Diver Program only).

5. The Rule of Thirds must be applied from the point of entering the overhead environment until safe exit from the overhead environment portion of the dive.

6. All appropriate safety or required decompression stops must be performed.

G. Waterskills Development

1. A confined water session must be completed before conducting any wreck penetration dives.

2. Perform a pre-dive “S” (safety) drill prior to starting dive. Check all equipment for proper function, check equipment of each dive buddy. Ascertain each team member is familiar with use and location of dive system components.

3. Perform an in-water “S” (safety) drill (on surface or sub-surface if sea conditions permit, or immediately when reaching the bottom).

a. Leak-check each team member’s equipment.

b. Breathe underwater from both / all regulators to ensure proper functioning.

c. Perform light checks.

d. Perform valve shutdowns combined with regulator switches including shutting both regulators.

e. If isolator valves are used, these are also to be closed and then re-opened.

f. Buddies should check that all valves are back in proper position at end of drill.

g. On first dive with new partner, perform a gas sharing drill.

4. Communicate the gas turn around point in psig and if the divers are wearing different cylinder sizes, match gas per the SRF tables or per dissimilar tank volumes. This can be divided between on board the boat and upon first arrival on the bottom.

5. Confined or OW: Swim 60 feet (18 meters) while simulating an out-of-gas situation, then commence gas sharing via the long hose, remain at rest for three breaths, and swim for 10 minutes at a normal swim rate of 75 feet (23 meters) a minute (static water swim rate).

6. Confined or OW: Two divers 50 feet (15 meters) apart must swim along a line circuit with eyes closed not taking a breath, while slowly exhaling until they meet. Upon meeting gas sharing via the long hose combined with touch contact is to be performed until the line circuit is completed.

7. Develop proficiency in a variety of propulsion techniques including cave frog kick, modified flutter kick, shuffle kick, and pull and glide technique.

8. Demonstrate proficiency in use of reels and lines.

9. During a wreck dive, at a point after turning the dive, perform a gas sharing drill exiting the wreck for a reasonable distance / time. Exercise is to commence with Instructor at some point randomly selecting the out of air diver, who must then go to the buddy and share gas. The out-of-gas diver is to keep the regulator in his or her mouth (leaving airway open) but not breathe from it if at all possible. This drill is to be repeated on different dives until all students have been both a donor and a recipient of gas.

10. On a wreck dive, exit wreck with eyes closed or lights of maintaining contact with buddy and dive line using touch communications.

11. Repeat previous drill, except at some point the Instructor will choose one of the divers to simulate being out of gas. The out-of-gas diver must communicate the problem to a buddy via touch contact, and gas sharing is to be performed for a reasonable distance. Repeat this skill until all students have been both a donor and recipient of gas.

12. Perform lost diver drills.

13. Demonstrate either on a wreck dive or in confined water the ability to drop and recover a stage cylinder. This may be the tank used as a decompression tank or an actual penetration stage cylinder.

14. On at least three dives, the student must simulate a regulator failure and, while swimming, shut off the valve for the primary regulator and switch to the secondary regulator. Upon completion, the diver is to turn on the valve for the primary regulator and switch back to it. A buddy should act as safety diver during this drill.

15. If a Rebreather is used, the appropriate modifications to the above skills must be made.